Overview
A pinguecula (ping-gwek-u-lah) is a benign yellowish-white lesion that develops on the conjunctiva. It is a slow growth caused by the degeneration of the conjuctiva’s collagen fibres. Thicker yellow fibres, or in some cases calcified deposits, eventually replace the fibres. A pinguecula normally grows on the nasal side of the eye and can be present in both eyes. This growth does not affect vision but in rare cases, it can gradually extend over the cornea, forming a pterygium.
Pingueculae are common in adults and their frequency of occurrence increases with age.
Overexposure to elements such as ultraviolet light, wind, dust and toxic vapours causes these small ocular surface growths. Insufficient moisture, dryness and smoky environments exacerbate the condition. Pinguecula can enlarge with chronic exposure to wind or ultraviolet rays.
Signs and Symptoms
There are often no symptoms of a pinguecula other than cosmetic concerns. In rare cases, the conjunctiva can become red and irritated. In addition, dry eye can cause further irritation, resulting in increased awareness and inflammation.
Treatment
The naked eye can see a pinguecula. Your eyecare practitioner can diagnose and assess its growth with a careful examination using a slit lamp microscope.
Due to its benign nature, a pinguecula rarely requires treatment. If, however, the condition causes irritation and inflammation, artificial tears can provide moisture to the eye, while mild anti-inflammatory medication can reduce swelling.
Surgical intervention is rarely required. To minimize the severity or cosmetic appearance of the pinguecula, eyecare professionals strongly recommend the use of eye drops for lubrication and sunglasses to protect the eyes from wind and ultraviolet rays.
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